Welcome to JohnDas FunDas & Ideas

Indian IIT  professor Suman Chakraborty (from Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur) and Kazuyoshi Tsuchiya of Tokai University in Kanagawa have developed a painless microneedle that can be used medically.

It can be used for giving painless drug injections, to take blood for testing and forthings like a wristwatch-type diabetic glucose monitor.

A female mosquito sucks human blood by contractng and relaxing some muscles in its long needle-like thingie called proboscis. This creates suction (or negative pressure) that draws blood into its mouthparts. Contrary to popular belief, a mosquito bite does not hurt. It is the anticoagulant saliva that the creature injects to stop your blood clotting that causes inflammation and pain.

In the new design, sucking action is provided by a micro electromechanical pump, which works using a piezoelectric actuator attached to the needle.

In contrast to previous microneedles, which were made of silicon dioxide, the new device is robust because it is made of stronger titanium and related alloys, which dramatically reduces the risk of it snapping during injections.

The needle is also strong enough to penetrate as far as 3 millimetres into skin and reach capillary blood vessels.

Its size compared to earlier models also means that surface tension effects are exploited further, and the same capillary flow that draws water up into trees helps draw blood into the microneedle.

The researchers have calculated that their needle can extract 5 microlitres of blood per second. This volume is sufficient for measuring blood-sugar levels in diabetics using a glucose sensor that can be attached to the needle in a “wristwatch” design.

The Voyager 1  spacecraft is a 733-kilogram robotic space probe of the outer solar system September 5, 1977, and currently operational. It visited Jupiter and Saturn and was the first probe to provide detailed images of the moons of these planets.

The US space agency’s (Nasa) venerable Voyager mission is celebrating its 30th anniversary.

Its two probes were launched within weeks of each other in 1977 to make a detailed study of the outer planets.

The probes were then sent on trajectories that will eventually take them out of the Solar System and into interstellar space.

Three decades on, they continue to return data from distances more than three times farther away than Pluto.

Currently, Voyager 1 is farthest away. Launched on 5 September 1977, it is about 15.5 billion km (9.7 billion miles) from the Sun.

To communicate with distant spacecraft, NASA’s Deep Space Network uses antenna with a diameter of up to 70 meters (230 feet). That is almost as big as a football field.

One of NASA’s most venerable spacecrafts celebrated three decades of flight Wednesday – thanks in large part to the efforts of the Savannah River Site.

Launched September 5, 1977 from Cape Canaveral, Fl., the Voyager 1 spacecraft is currently an estimated 9.7 billion miles from the sun, further than any other human-made object.

Arguably the only thing even more impressive than the vast distance traveled by the craft is the fact that it continues to relay information collected by its onboard instruments back to NASA.

“The Voyager mission is a legend in the annals of space exploration,” said Alan Stern, an associate administrator at NASA. “It opened our eyes to the scientific richness of the outer solar system, and it has pioneered the deepest exploration of the sun’s domain ever conducted.”

The craft, along with sister ship Voyager 2, are responsible for some of the most detailed information and images of the outer giant planets in our solar system – Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune – ever gathered.

The instruments responsible for collecting that data owe their longevity to an onboard nuclear battery – called a radioisotope thermoelectric generator, or RTG – that is fueled by plutonium 238, a material that was produced and purified at SRS.

“All of that information, all of those pictures you see in a textbook, all that detail, those are all things that we wouldn’t know” if it were not for the nuclear battery, said Thomas Robinson, who worked on the plutonium production for the Cassini-Huygens mission, one of more than 20 NASA crafts that have employed the RTGs onboard since 1961.

The RTG itself is relatively rather basic, say SRS experts. The battery relies on the plutonium’s decay to produce heat, which in turn is then converted into electricity to power the onboard instruments.

“Over the years the principal has remained the same, but the efficiency has improved,” said Charles Goergen, who also worked on the Cassini project at SRS.

NASA was forced to turn to nuclear science in order to ensure that their crafts would have a suitable amount of energy to operate in the depths of outer space. Solar panels were not an option because they fail to capture enough of the sun’s rays to be effective once the crafts start to leave Earth behind.

“That’s why we use (the plutonium),” said Rick Burns. “It provides a steady, continuous source of power that is reliable over a long period of time.”

The craft’s five instruments run on only around 300 watts, the amount of power needed to light up a bright light bulb, and NASA is capable of turning off one or more of the instruments if the RTG’s output were to wane.

Adding to the already large scale of the project is the golden record that each of the two Voyagers carry. The records act as a time capsule complete with greetings, images and sounds from Earth – as well as directions on how to find the planet if it is ever recovered by something or someone.

While many at SRS are familiar with the concept of their work being used on a grand stage, they say working with NASA was especially satisfying.

“There is a great deal of pride involved” for those at SRS that worked on the space projects, said Goergen. “We know that we played a role in the whole thing, it really means something.”

Who is Shakespeare – The Bard of Avon ?

Did ghost writers author this playwright-dramatist’s books ? England’s national poet and the “Bard of Avon” (or simply “The Bard”) belonging to Stratford on Avon.

Shakespeare was born and raised in Stratford-upon-Avon. At the age of 18 he married Anne Hathaway, who bore him three children: Susanna, and twins Hamnet and Judith. He traveled to London sometime between 1585 and 1592 and began a successful career as an actor, writer, and part-owner of the playing company the Lord Chamberlain’s Men (later known as the King’s Men). He later retired to Stratford around 1613, where he died three years later in 1616. Few records of Shakespeare’s private life survive and considerable speculation has been poured into this void, including questions concerning his sexuality, religious beliefs, and whether the works attributed to William Shakespeare were actually written by others.

A small cohort of contrarian scholars who traffic in conspiracy theories about “who really wrote” the plays of William Shakespeare has been joined by two luminaries of the British stage — Sir Derek Jacobi and Mark Rylance — along with 285 other skeptics, who recently signed a Declaration of Reasonable Doubt About the Identity of William Shakespeare.

The declaration, which is sponsored by the Shakespeare Authorship Coalition, takes no position on who wrote the masterpieces of English drama if Shakespeare himself did not. It merely cites what it characterizes as the skimpy evidence to support Shakespeare’s authorship, and asserts, not very trippingly on the tongue, that mainstream scholars should allow the issue to be the subject of research and discussion — without smirking.

The skeptics also cite a panoply of literary lights, including Charlie Chaplin and Sigmund Freud, who expressed doubt that Shakespeare was Shakespeare. After that lengthy exegesis, it’s unclear whether the skeptics are gilding the lily or just protesting too much. Regardless, they will have some difficulty persuading the virtually unanimous chorus of literary scholars who have dismissed the so-called “authorship question” as nonsense Anyway, those of you who want to read the Works of Shakespear(???) online, here is MIT’s free online library right here for download http://shakespeare.mit.edu/

This was the Web’s first edition of the Complete Works of William Shakespeare. The site has offered Shakespeare’s plays and poetry to the Internet community since 1993.

Announcement: The restoration of the site following a disk failure has been delayed. The text of the plays is available now. The poetry and other services, including the search engine and forums, will return shortly. (Nov. 13, 2000)

For other Shakespeare resources, visit the Mr. William Shakespeare and the Internet Web site.

The original electronic source for this server is the Complete Moby(tm) Shakespeare, which is freely available online. The HTML versions of the plays provided here are placed in the public domain.

The works available are :

Record breaking millionaire (billionaire ?) adventurer Steve Fossett has been missing for a few days now. (Its not Fosett or Fosset – Google corrected me)

Fossett, a Stanford University graduate with a master’s degree from Washington University in St. Louis, went to Chicago to work in the securities business and ultimately founded his own firm, Marathon Securities.

He went missing on Tuesday after taking off in a single-engine plane the day before to scout locations for a land-speed record .

Last year, Mr Fossett smashed the record for flying further than anyone in history.

In 2002, Fossett became the first person to fly around the world alone in a balloon. In two weeks, his balloon flew 19,428.6 miles around the Southern Hemisphere. The record came after five previous attempts — some of them spectacular and frightening failures.

It is among dozens of firsts claimed by Fossett in his life as an adventurer, which he embarked on after a successful career in securities. He set marks for speed or distance in balloons, airplanes, gliders, sailboats — even cross-country skis and an airship, according to his Web site.

Fossett has climbed some of the world’s best-known peaks, including the Matterhorn in Switzerland and Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania. He also swam the English Channel in 1985, placed 47th in the Iditarod dog sled race in 1992, participated in the 24 Hours of Le Mans car race in 1996 and broke the round-the-world sailing record by six days in 2004.

In 1995, Fossett became the first person to fly solo across the Pacific Ocean in a balloon, landing in Leader, Saskatchewan, Canada.

Fossett was inducted into the National Aviation Hall of Fame in July. He told a crowd gathered at the Dayton Convention Center in Ohio that he would continue flying.

“I’m hoping you didn’t give me this award because you think my career is complete, because I’m not done,” Fossett said.

Fossett said he planned to go to Argentina in November in an effort to break a glider record.

In March 2005, he became the first person to fly a plane solo around the world without refueling. He and a co-pilot also claim to have set a world glider altitude record of 50,671 feet during a flight in August 2006 over the the Andes Mountains.

He flew 26,389.3 miles in the Virgin Atlantic Global Flyer and the record-breaking journey lasted 76 hours and 45 minutes, beating the former record of 25,361 miles set by the Breitling Orbiter balloon in 1999.

Mr Fossett’s record journey in the Virgin Atlantic Global Flyer was sponsored by British entrepreneur Sir Richard Branson, who is also known for his daredevil record attempts and followed Mr Fossett in a support plane.

The 63-year-old, famed for his numerous solo flights around the globe by airplane and balloon, is understood to be unaccounted for since Monday.

Mr Fossett took off in a single engine Bellanca at 8.45am yesterday at a private airstrip at the Hilton Ranch in western Nevada but did not return as scheduled.

A friend later reported him missing, said Ian Gregor, a Federal Aviation Administration spokesman in Maryland.